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Turkish people
Turkish people ((トルコ語:Türk milleti)), the Turks ((トルコ語:Türkler)) or the Anatolian Turks ((トルコ語:Anadolu Türkleri)) are an EurAsian ethnic group. They are the most numerous ethnic group among the Turkic peoples. In addition, a Turkish diaspora has been established with modern migration, particularly in Western Europe, North America, and Oceania. Historical minorities and creole populations of Turkish descent dating back to the early modern period exist in the former lands of the Ottoman Empire, such as the Balkans, the Middle East, and North Africa, while more recent displacement of Meskhetian Turks from the Caucasus has resulted in new minorities in many former Soviet states.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=YURTDIŞINDAKİ VATANDAŞLARIMIZLA İLGİLİ SAYISAL BİLGİLER )〕〔http://dergiler.ankara.edu.tr/dergiler/44/686/8729.pdf〕〔http://www.dw.de/recalling-the-fate-of-bulgarias-turkish-minority/a-18149416〕〔https://www.cigionline.org/project/minorities-middle-east〕〔http://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/18274〕
==Etymology and ethnic identity==
The ethnonym "Turk" may be first mentioned in Herodotus' (c. 484–425 BCE) work "Targitas";〔.〕 furthermore, during the first century CE., Pomponius Mela refers to the "Turcae" in the forests north of the Sea of Azov, and Pliny the Elder lists the "Tyrcae" among the people of the same area.〔 The first definite reference to the "Turks" come mainly from Chinese sources in the sixth century. In these sources, "Turk" appears as "Tujue" (), which referred to the Göktürks.〔.〕〔.〕 Although "Turk" refers to Turkish people, it may also sometimes refer to the wider language group of Turkic peoples. They are closely related to Azerbaijani people also known as Azerbaijani Turks who live primarily in Azerbaijan Republic and Iran〔"Turk, n.1". OED Online. September 2012. Oxford University Press. 2 November 2012 〕
In the 19th century, the word ''Türk'' only referred to Anatolian villagers. The Ottoman ruling class identified themselves as Ottomans, not usually as Turks.〔(Kushner 1997: 219; Meeker 1971: 322)〕 In the late 19th century, as the Ottoman upper classes adopted European ideas of nationalism the term ''Türk'' took on a much more positive connotation.〔(Kushner 1997: 220–221)〕 The Turkish-speakers of Anatolia were the most loyal supporters of Ottoman rule.
During Ottoman times, the millet system defined communities on a religious basis, and a residue of this remains in that Turkish villagers commonly consider as Turks only those who profess the Sunni faith. Turkish Jews, Christians, or even Alevis to may be considered non-Turks.〔(Meeker 1971: 322)〕 On the other hand, Kurdish or Arab followers of the Sunni branch of Islam who live in eastern Anatolia are sometimes considered Turks.〔(Meeker 1971: 323)〕 Article 66 of the Turkish Constitution defines a "''Turk''" as anyone who is "bound to the Turkish state through the bond of citizenship."〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Turkish Citizenship Law )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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